Printing and the History of Printing Processes

The earliest dated printed book known is Diamond Sutra, printed in China in 868 CE. However, it is suspected that book printing may have occurred long before this date. Back then, printing was limited in the number of editions made and nearly exclusively decorative, used for pictures and designs. The material to be printed was carved into wood, stone, and metal, rolled with ink or paint, and transferred by pressure to parchment or vellum. Books were hand copied mostly by members of religious orders. In 1452,  Johannes Gutenberg--a German blacksmith  craftsman, goldsmith, printer, and inventor--printed copies of the Bible on the Gutenberg press, an innovative printing press machine that used movable type. It remained the standard until the 20th century.   A Timeline of Printing 618-906:  T’ang Dynasty - The first printing is performed in China, using ink on carved wooden blocks; multiple transfers of an image to paper begins.868:  Diamond Sutra  is printed.1241:  Koreans print books using movable type.1300:  The first use of wooden type in China begins.1309:  Europeans first make  paper. However, the Chinese and Egyptians had started making paper in previous centuries.1338:  The first paper mill opened in France.1390:  The first paper mill opened in Germany.1392:  Foundries that can produce bronze type are opened in Korea.1423:  Block printing is used to print books in Europe.1452:  Metal plates are first used in printing in Europe. Johannes  Gutenberg  begins printing the Bible, which he finishes in 1456.1457:  The first color printing is produced by Fust and Schoeffer.1465:  Drypoint engravings are invented by Germans.1476:  William Caxton begins using a Gutenberg printing press in England.1477:  Intaglio is firs t used for book illustration for Flemish book Il Monte Sancto di Dio.1495:  The first paper mill opened in England.1501:  Italic type is first used.1550:  Wallpaper is introduced in Europe.1605:  The first weekly newspaper is published in Antwerp.1611:  The King James Bible is published.1660:  Mezzotint--a method of engraving on copper or steel by burnishing or scraping away a uniformly roughened surface--is invented in Germany.1691:  The first paper mill is opened in the American colonies.1702:  Multicolored engraving is invented by German Jakob Le Blon. The first English-language daily newspaper--The Daily Courant--is published called.1725:  Stereotyping  is invented by William Ged in Scotland.1800:  Iron printing presses are invented.1819:  The rotary printing press is invented by David Napier.1829:  Embossed printing is invented by  Louis Braille.1841:  The type-composing machine is invented.1844:  Electrotyping is invented.1846:  The cylinder p ress is invented by Richard Hoe; it can print 8,000 sheets per hour.1863:  The rotary web-fed letterpress is invented by William Bullock.1865:  The web offset press can print on both sides of the paper at once.1886:  The linotype composing machine is invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler.1870:  Paper is now mass-manufactured from wood pulp.1878:  Photogravure printing is invented by Karl Klic.1890:  The mimeograph machine is introduced.1891:  Printing presses can now print and fold 90,000 four-page papers per hour. Diazotype--in which photographs are printed on fabric--is invented.1892:  The four-color rotary press is invented.1904:  Offset lithography becomes common, and the first  comic book  is published.1907:  Commercial silk screening is invented.1947:  Phototypesetting  is made practical.59 B.C.:  Acta Diurna, the first newspaper, is published in Rome.1556:  The first monthly newspaper, Notizie Scritte, is published in Venice.1605:  The first printe d newspaper published weekly in Antwerp is called Relation.1631:  The first French newspaper, The Gazette, is published.1645:  Post-och Inrikes Tidningar is published in Sweden and is still being published today, making it the worlds oldest newspaper.1690:  The first newspaper is published in America: Publick Occurrences.1702:  The first English-language daily newspaper is published: The Daily Courant. The Courant was first published as a periodical in 1621.1704:  Considered the world’s first journalist, Daniel Defoe publishes The Review.  1803:  The first newspapers to be published in Australia include The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser.1830:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 715.1831:  The famous abolitionist newspaper The Liberator is first published by  William Lloyd Garrison.1833:  The New York Sun newspaper costs one cent and is the beginning of the  penny press.1844:  The first newspaper is published in Thailand.1848:  The Brooklyn Freeman newspaper is first published by  Walt Whitman.1850:  P.T. Barnum starts  running newspaper ads for  Jenny Lind, the Swedish Nightingale performances in America.1851:  The United States Post Office starts offering a cheap newspaper rate.1855:  The first newspaper published in Sierra Leone.1856:  The first full-page newspaper ad is published in the New York Ledger. Large type newspaper ads are made popular by photographer  Mathew Brady. Machines now mechanically fold newspapers.1860:  The New York Herald starts the first morgue--a morgue in newspaper terms means an archive.  1864:  William James Carlton of J. Walter Thompson Company begins selling advertising space in newspapers. The J. Walter Thompson Company is the longest-running American advertising agency.1867:  The first double column advertising appears for the department store Lord Taylor.1869:  Newspaper circulation numbers are published by George P. Rowell in the first Rowells American Newspaper Directory.1870:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 5,091.1871:  The first newspaper published in Japan is the daily Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun.  1873:  The first illustrated daily newspaper, The Daily Graphic, is published in New York.1877:  The first weather report with a map is published in Australia. The Washington Post newspaper first publishes, with a circulation of 10,000 and a cost of 3 cents per paper.1879:  The benday process--a technique for producing shading, texture or tone in line drawings and photographs by overlaying a fine screen or a pattern of dots, which is named after illustrator and printer Benjamin Day--improves  newspapers. The first whole-page newspaper ad is placed by American department store Wanamakers.1880:  The first halftone photograph--Shantytown--is published in a newspaper.1885:  Newspapers are delivered daily by train.1887:  The San Francisco Examiner is published.1893 :  The Royal Baking Powder Company becomes the biggest newspaper advertiser in the world.1903:  The first tabloid-style newspaper, The Daily Mirror, is published.1931:  Newspaper funnies now include Plainclothes Tracy, starring Dick Tracy.1933:  A battle develops between the newspaper and  radio  industries. American newspapers try to force the Associated Press to terminate news service to radio stations.1955:  Teletype-setting is used for newspapers.1967:  Newspapers use digital production processes and begin using computers for operations.1971:  The use of offset presses becomes common.1977:  The first public access to archives is offered by Torontos Globe and Mail.2007:  There are now 1,456 daily newspapers in the United States alone, selling 55 million copies a day.2009:  This was the worst year in decades as far as advertising revenues for newspapers. Newspapers begin moving into online versions.2010-present:resent:  Digital printing becomes the new no rm, as commercial printing and publishing fade slightly due to technology.

Environmental Concerns And Climate Change - 1135 Words

Proposed Research Environmental concerns and climate change are influencing and shaping the future of the power industry. As a result, the electricity required to meet the growing demand is mainly generated from renewable energy resources, and this trend is expected to continue in the next decades [1]. Hydro and wind are major renewable energy resources and are free of greenhouse gas emissions [2]. This makes them valuable environmentally sustainable and economic resources for power generation around the world. A hydro-wind hybrid power system is an excellent combination for improved reliability, where the resources abound [3]. In Newfoundland and Labrador, there is enormous potential for hydro and wind renewable energy resources, with†¦show more content†¦This condition imposes unique challenges on the planning and operation of a hydro-wind integrated power system in a reliable manner [8]. Previous studies on wind penetration issues and solutions found that the limiting factors of wind integ ration include penetration level, forecasting reliability, geographic diversity, hydro generation flexibility and control of the overall system [6]. Control is a key enabling factor for the deployment of renewable energy systems [9]. Control techniques such as linear and dynamic programming, genetic algorithms, and neural networks, proposed by past research, for the control and economic dispatch of renewable energy systems, have not been acknowledged to be error free [3]. Two major flaws identified in existing techniques include the lack of ease-of-use, and adaptability to new situations and evolving regulations [3]. These flaws pose major operational challenges to utilities and thus, make control technologies optimization an imperative research endeavor. In 1998, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Policy 1 - Generation Control and Performance Standard (CPS) - was enforced to ensure effective frequency control in interconnected power systems. In this policy, for example, it is required that each balancing authority shall achieve, as a minimum, CPS1 compliance of 100% (a measure of the correlation between a

Entertainment Management Of Death A Comet †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Entertainment Management Of Death A Comet. Answer: Introduction Broadcasting ideas published by Discovery Canada are multiple but most interesting concerns Death on A Comet. The show will be showcasing Keplers planet where various mission has gone to explore life. This will interest typical viewer between 18 and 49 years of age. This program will reveal high knowledge and insights regarding various space exploration, to understand if there is presence of life on other planets(1). Through this program viewers will be thrilled with extraordinary experience of viewing space. It will be a story telling effort commissioned with great take-away for viewers. There will be a scientific pitch associated with the program that will be explored through various session. Show Broadcasting Idea Todays children belong to the television age, where they learn and adapt a lot from television shows. Television can inspire and motivate children as well as young adults in a better way. No matter how inspirational school teachers might be, but television shows can fascinate as viewers are more glued to them. Viewers for science shows have increased in the recent past decade with a number of interesting television shows coin up. Television shows have often convinced various people to take up research or go into studying astronomical subjects. Most interesting aspect regarding science television shows are their depiction which is much better compared to actually conducting research. There is a plethora of scientist-turned- broadcaster, who have come into the field and are now showcasing various scientific shows. Talk about various science fiction especially about life outside the Earth as always fascinated humans. Even those without much interest in science watches such shows to und erstand the possibility where humans might step into next. Science television shows are already a huge success and parents of children prefer them watching science shows compared to cartoon. There has been a high preference of parents these days, making their children watch science shows . Watching Keplers planets will be a new show that has never been showcased in channels in the world. It will attract viewers interests to happenings around the universe. The show will just require a voice that will demonstrate various happenings around the space as seen through the telescope(2). This show will be unique in nature as till date no other shows has covered this mission of NASA. The script of this broadcast will be written by science writer, who has adequate knowledge of space and can use various terms. Creative team will just include voice modulator. The show should be 30 minutes broadcast so as to retain interest of its viewers. It will be minimum 20 episodes for the first season that will show various discoveries that are done by Keplers mission. This show will broadcast century old quest for world that are similar to Earth and humanly inhabitable(3). There is intense excitement and popular ineterst around discovering hundreds of planets orbiting various stars in the un iverse. The Keplers mission was specifically designed by team members of NASA for surveying our Milky Way for discovering Earth sized planets that can be habitable. The mission explores diversity and structure of varied planetary systems that are surveyed by shadow they cast while orbiting, their star. Size and masses, shapes and density of planets are examined using telescopic photographs(4). This show is bound to generate immense interests as it analyses data by taking photographs and sending to Earth back as it is an unmanned mission. The scientific motivation behind this mission is so huge that it is bound to create a long list of fan following. Viewers will be thrilled for the very purpose to see if the next episode planet found by Kepler mission has found any existence of life(5). Conclusion This show is bound to create an audience and loyal viewers. The scientific data explored through this show will attract a host of young learners of science and attract their interests to happenings associated outside our solar system. This type of program is new and unique to the entire experience of watching the universe and outer space from the perspective of a telescope. References 1.Batalha NM BWBSBLCDCDJCDDEFFGITGR. Kepler's first rocky planet: Kepler-10b. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011 Feb 7; 729(1).2.Lissauer JJ RDFDSJFEJJSAHMRJQEBN. Architecture and dynamics of Kepler's candidate multiple transiting planet systems. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2011 Oct 13; 197(1).3.Lissauer JJ MGRJBSAEBLCDCWFDFEFF. Almost all of Kepler's multiple-planet candidates are planets. The Astrophysical Journal. 2012 Apr 23; 750(2).4.Rowe JF BSMGLJJHDMFGRIHFEHSBW. Validation of Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. Light curve analysis and announcement of hundreds of new multi-planet systems. The Astrophysical Journal. 2014 Mar 4; 784(1).5.Wolfgang A LE. How rocky are they? The composition distribution of Keplers sub-Neptune planet candidates within 0.15 AU. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015 Jun 17; 806(2).6.Discovery. Producer Guidelines. https://www.discovery.ca/producer-guidelines. Retrieved on 6th February 2018 February .

Situational Factors Essay Example

Situational Factors Paper Bradley Barn 1 . ) What are the salient situational factors? My daughter is allergic to tobacco smoke. The waiter made a big mistake or careless error in seating preference. The business men where in the wrong area (non-smoking). Selecting the restaurant should have been carefully reconsidered because of the allergic reaction to tobacco smoking. 2. ) What is the most appropriate conflict management strategy? The most appropriate conflict management strategy would be to avoid forcing and avoidance because they tend to result in unresolved issues/ problems. Plus, satisfaction is only viewed and/or reached on one side; the other party side is ignored or overlooked. Even though this situation could have easily become a detrimental crisis; the best approach would have been to utilize the problem-solving method. That way both parties reach a collaborative resolution. Both parties find solutions to the cause of the conflict that are satisfactory to both parties rather than to find fault or assign blame (Whetton/Cameron, 2011). The process or steps after the incident happened should have played out like this. The mom asked or summoned for the waiter immediately. Let the hostess know what happen as a result of her error in seating. If she is unable to deal and/or handle the situation properly; then ask for the manager so that he or she can provide assistance in reference to customer service. The manager and mom reach a solution on how to avoid incidents of this caliber in the near future. Avocado Computers Bill is highly impressed by your work ethics and believes you can improve their production facility. Bill is adamant in regards to cleanliness, order, and appearance. mfou are a bit-miffed at the single item of concern (Whetten/Cameron, 2011, page 19). Management needs to maintain a cleaner facility. You dont know how to respond to the cleanliness demerit. 2. ) What is the most appropriate conflict management strategy? In this particular case, a compromise would be the appropriate conflict management strategy. The compromising strategy typically calls for both sides of a conflict to give up elements of their position in order to establi sh an acceptable solution (Dontigney, 2013, page 1). Here, Bill would consider renegotiate her contract or taking the demerit off of her performance appraisal. We will write a custom essay sample on Situational Factors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Situational Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Situational Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She in return would implement and/or practice cleanliness on the factory floor. Both parties can agree to disagree on the need for cleanliness but understand why it is important and needed in the state-of-the-art production facility. Each stand to lose something valuable; Bill stands the chance of losing a good employee and she stands the chance of losing a great Job. The key here, is preventing both from reaching a lose-lose situation; both parties will have to make sacrifices in order to reach a common goal or objective. Situational Factors By tparker279 Situational Factors Essay Example Situational Factors Paper Situational Factors influencing the team development.  1.Personal Factors: There are a lot of personal factors influencing a team development. One can have a complete different view to anothers on certain issues and this may result in the team closeness. Similarity in commitments, ability, attitudes and goals are all positively associated with team unity however individual satisfaction is most important factor in the team development. In our case we had lots of clashes may be because of being from different cultures. 2.Size of the team: The size of the team is another factor. Small teams ( 10 or fewer members) will make the team effective. If there are many members then it is difficult fo cooperate and meet regularly as well. Our team consisted of members and that was an ideal size for the project  3.Cultural Factors: Increased awareness about the nature and effects of cultural differences can overcome barriers to adjustment and peak performance within the team. The participants analyze their own cultural profile. The group members in our case were from different cultures but we were aware of their cultures and that is why we didnt had to suffer a lot. We will write a custom essay sample on Situational Factors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Situational Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Situational Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 4.Team Factor: Team cooperation is very important. A team cooperation will result in the success of the project of it will be a failure. It includes several factors like location, resources, Task uncertainty, task interdependence. Members need to volunteer to serve the team and in our case everyone volunteered to do so.  5.Objective: Every team needs a clear mission. Determination of the purpose of the organization or division results from the negotiation process between What we want to do and What we have to do. Goals of the team and purpose of the organization or organizational units could also require some adjustment. This was very clear in our case. 6.Rewards/Motivational factors: Although there are rewards when the project is completed, there should be extra reward system to motivate the staff .Formal or informal rewards should satisfy team members needs, i.e. professional growth, esteem, acceptance, safety. Motivational or hygienic factors should also be considered, such as achievement, responsibility, team recognition and working climate. In our case there was a big common reward, certificate which motivated everyone. 7.Structure :It is important to analyze the organizational structure and its impact on group work and team performance. Structure is supposed to solve division of labor problems, not create them. An assessment should be carried out to determine the fit of team members roles within the organizational structure. In our case the work was divided equally to the members at the start of the project. 8.Relationships : The relationship among people, peers or manager- subordinate, between organisational units and tasks performed, and between systems and technology all needs to be good. It is important to explore how these relationships affect team performance. The relationship between our group members was quite good.  9.Location: Location of the team members is another factor in team development. How far are they located, how long does it take them to gather and how often do they meet. These all contribute towards the development of the team and in our case all of us were located on London so it was quite helpful.  10.Leadership Factors: The type of leadership and its effectiveness needs to be examined, which includes leadership within the team and within the organization and leadership styles which contribute to effective or ineffective management practices because leadership affects the team proformance. But in our case this wasnt a problem because we had no leader. .

Calculating Concentrations with Units and Dilutions

Calculating Concentrations with Units and Dilutions Calculating the concentration of a chemical  solution  is a basic skill all students of chemistry must develop early in their studies. What is concentration? Concentration refers to the amount of solute that is dissolved in a solvent. We normally think of a solute as a solid that is added to a solvent (e.g., adding table salt to water), but the solute could easily exist in another phase. For example, if we add a small amount of ethanol to water, then the ethanol is the solute, and the water is the solvent. If we add a smaller amount of water to a larger amount of ethanol, then the water could be the solute! How To Calculate Units of Concentration Once you have identified the solute and solvent in a solution, you are ready to determine its concentration. Concentration may be expressed several different ways, using percent composition by mass, volume percent, mole fraction, molarity, molality, or normality. Percent Composition by Mass (%)This is the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution (mass of solute plus mass of solvent), multiplied by 100.Example:Determine the percent composition by mass of a 100 g salt solution which contains 20 g salt.Solution:20 g NaCl / 100 g solution x 100 20% NaCl solutionVolume Percent (% v/v) Volume percent or volume/volume percent most often is used when preparing solutions of liquids. Volume percent is defined as:v/v % [(volume of solute)/(volume of solution)] x 100%Note that volume percent is relative to the volume of the solution, not the volume of solvent. For example, wine is about 12% v/v ethanol. This means there is 12 ml ethanol for every 100 ml of wine. It is important to realize liquid and gas volumes are not necessarily additive. If you mix 12 ml of ethanol and 100 ml of wine, you will get less than 112 ml of solution.As another example, 70% v/v rubbing alcohol may be prepared by taking 700 ml of isopropyl alcohol and adding su fficient water to obtain 1000 ml of solution (which will not be 300 ml). Mole Fraction (X) This is the number of moles of a compound divided by the total number of moles of all chemical species in the solution. Keep in mind, the sum of all mole fractions in a solution always equals 1.Example:What are the mole fractions of the components of the solution formed when 92 g glycerol is mixed with 90 g water? (molecular weight water 18; molecular weight of glycerol 92)Solution:90 g water 90 g x 1 mol / 18 g 5 mol water92 g glycerol 92 g x 1 mol / 92 g 1 mol glyceroltotal mol 5 1 6 molxwater 5 mol / 6 mol 0.833x glycerol 1 mol / 6 mol 0.167Its a good idea to check your math by making sure the mole fractions add up to 1:xwater xglycerol .833 0.167 1.000Molarity (M) Molarity is probably the most commonly used unit of concentration. It is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (not necessarily the same as the volume of solvent!).Example:What is the molarity of a solution made when water is added to 11 g CaCl2 to make 100 mL of solution ? (The molecular weight of CaCl2 110)Solution:11 g CaCl2 / (110 g CaCl2 / mol CaCl2) 0.10 mol CaCl2100 mL x 1 L / 1000 mL 0.10 Lmolarity 0.10 mol / 0.10 Lmolarity 1.0 M Molality (m) Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Because the density of water at 25 °C is about 1 kilogram per liter, molality is approximately equal to molarity for dilute aqueous solutions at this temperature. This is a useful approximation, but remember that it is only an approximation and doesnt apply when the solution is at a different temperature, isnt dilute, or uses a solvent other than water.Example:What is the molality of a solution of 10 g NaOH in 500 g water? (Molecular weight of NaOH is 40)Solution:10 g NaOH / (40 g NaOH / 1 mol NaOH) 0.25 mol NaOH500 g water x 1 kg / 1000 g 0.50 kg watermolality 0.25 mol / 0.50 kgmolality 0.05 M / kgmolality 0.50 mNormality (N) Normality is equal to the gram equivalent weight of a solute per liter of solution. A gram equivalent weight or equivalent is a measure of the reactive capacity of a given molecule. Normality is the only concentration unit that is reaction dependent.Example:1 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is 2 N for acid-base reactions because each mole of sulfuric acid provides 2 moles of H ions. On the other hand, 1 M sulfuric acid is 1 N for sulfate precipitation, since 1 mole of sulfuric acid provides 1 mole of sulfate ions. Grams per Liter (g/L)This is a simple method of preparing a solution based on grams of solute per liter of solution.Formality (F)A formal solution is expressed regarding formula weight units per liter of solution.Parts per Million (ppm) and Parts per Billion (ppb)Used for extremely dilute solutions, these units express the ratio of parts of solute per either 1 million parts of the solution or 1 billion parts of a solution.Example:A sample of water is found to contain 2 ppm lead. This means that for every million parts, two of them are lead. So, in a one gram sample of water, two-millionths of a gram would be lead. For aqueous solutions, the density of water is assumed to be 1.00 g/ml for these units of concentration. How To Calculate Dilutions You dilute a solution whenever you add solvent to a solution. Adding solvent results in a solution of lower concentration. You can calculate the concentration of a solution following a dilution by applying this equation: MiVi MfVf where M is molarity, V is volume, and the subscripts i and f refer to the initial and final values. Example:How many milliliters of 5.5 M NaOH are needed to prepare 300 mL of 1.2 M NaOH? Solution:5.5 M x V1 1.2 M x 0.3 LV1 1.2 M x 0.3 L / 5.5 MV1 0.065 LV1 65 mL So, to prepare the 1.2 M NaOH solution, you pour 65 mL of 5.5 M NaOH into your container and add water to get 300 mL final volume

Fall Leaf Colors by Tree Species

Fall Leaf Colors by Tree Species Certain broadleaf trees can be uniquely identified by their brilliant fall leaf color. In some cases, a trees common name is derived from its primary autumn leaf color  (such as red maple and yellow poplar). The most common leaf colors of fall are red, yellow, and orange. Some tree species can express several of these colors simultaneously as the season progresses. How Fall Leaf Color Develops All leaves start out in summer as green. This is because of the presence of a group of green pigments known as chlorophyll. When these green pigments are abundant in the leafs cells during the growing season, they mask the color of any other pigments that may be present in the leaf. But with autumn comes the destruction of chlorophyll. This demise of the green pigments allows other, previously masked colors to come forward. Those unmasked fall colors quickly become markers for individual deciduous tree species. Trees With Red Leaves Red is produced by warm, sunny fall days and cool fall nights. Leftover food in the leaf is transformed into the color red through anthocyanin pigments. These red pigments also color cranberries, red apples, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and plums. Some maples,  sweetgum, and oaks have red fall leaves. Dogwoods, black tupelo trees, sourwood trees, persimmons, and some sassafras trees also have red leaves. Trees With Yellow and Orange Shades Chlorophyll is destroyed with the onset of autumnal conditions, which reveals the orange and yellow leaf colors, or carotenoid pigments. Deep orange is a combination of the red and yellow color-making process. These yellow and orange pigments also color carrots, corn, canaries, and daffodils, as well as egg yolks, rutabagas, buttercups, and bananas. Hickory, ash, some maples, the yellow poplar (tulip tree), some oaks (white, chestnut, bear), some sassafras, some sweetgum, beech, birch, and sycamore trees have yellow leaves in the fall.

Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employee Relations - Essay Example This essay will look at the effects of law and management in various organisations in the modern society. In every organisation, there are different types of managers who have their own styles of leadership. This is what makes production of goods and services in these institutions different. Organisations may be dealing with the same line of production, but it is clear that there are those that have more clients compared to others. Some have the right number of employees in the company to run daily operations, but some cannot achieve their goals because of lack of labour supply. This essay will therefore look at management and law in the employment sector, looking at how employees should be handled, how they work in a stress-free environment and how they relate with their superiors at work. It will generally look at environment at work and how laws should be implemented to make certain that production of goods and services is done effectively. In his article, Middlemiss points out th at in most institutions, organisational psychologists have always defined and characterised employment correlation in terms of psychological deal. This has been the trend for over 40 years, and within the same period, judges have through their decisions, set terms that are applicable to all employment contracts. Commentators on the other hand have analysed these terms in substantial details drawn from both practitioner and academic backgrounds. In this article Middlemiss particularly aims at analysing the nature and significance of the notion of psychological indenture and takes into consideration its application in the notion of the most significant implied terms in the employment contract (Middlemiss 2011: 42). Middlemiss wrote his article from a review of secondary basis of the two subjects covered. In this article, therefore, he explains the employment relationship and the contract of employment. The two subjects have a common purpose in a way, and Misslemiss goes ahead to expla in more about their potential and roles for combined deployment in the place of work. This article is significant as the context in it entails the nature and effects of two contractual forms that control correlation in the employment sector. This clearly shows the methodology used by many organisations to undertake their operations and how the employees are handled to ensure that they all have a favourable environment to work in. According to Middlemiss, both psychological and contractual terms have effects on the employment sector in every organisation. The psychological contract is somehow problematic as it is derived from notions from various researchers which make it difficult to be defined. In this case, it is hard to undertake organisational operations using this contractual terms because they are derived from other sources. Implied contractual terms, on the other hand, are easier to use in an organisation as they are formed by the internal managerial staff. It is easier to wo rk with such terms because they are internally formed, and no ideas are borrowed. With this type of contractual terms, it is possible to undertake operations easily without inconveniences as they are decisions that are made within the organisation. Though they both have effects on employment laws, the difference is that implied terms are from within the organi

Production and Market behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Production and Market behaviour - Essay Example se classical scholars continue to influence contemporary scholars as they attempt to discern the major factors influencing productions and market patterns to enhance efficiency and best economic systems. Our study of production and market behavior will therefore be based principally on neoclassical and institutionalism models that have existed since the last century and will explore the new-institutionalism impact on the theme as well as the recent trends in fair trade and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Neoclassical theories supported by Keynesian economics are the dominant approaches prevalent in mainstream economic theories from the mid twentieth century (Clark, 1998). The theory however can be traced to 19th century after the Industrial Revolution as capitalism ignited intellectual ideas among all disciplines. One prominent neoclassical analyst was William Stanley Jevons and his marginal utility theory of value in 1862. Neoclassical theories are mainly based on individual or microeconomics by exploiting utility as explained in the rational choice theory (Ehrenberg, 1997). Neoclassical economist Marshall’s treatise Principles of Economics (1890) described price disparities in terms of the intersection of supply and demand curves. He also introduced diverse ‘market periods’ as follows: Short period – business faculty is specified, the level of yield, service, assets, and value oscillate to link marginal cost and marginal revenue, where returns are maximized. Economic rents only survive for short duration for unchanging aspects, and the velocity of earnings is not contrasted across segments. The neoclassical model has also engendered the First Theorem of Welfare Economics that emphasis that indirect marginal utility for all the market players is similar. This also depicted in a Pareto-efficient condition that states any enhancement in the utility of one user might jeopardize another’s value. The organizations operating in such a scenario do

Japanese Food †General Analysis and Comparison to American Food Essay Example for Free

Japanese Food – General Analysis and Comparison to American Food Essay It is generally true that different countries have distinct cultures. The culture of a country is shaped by various factors unique to that country, directly affecting it during its historical development. An example of such factors is geography. The geographic nature and location of a country dictates what resources it may have; a country surrounded by water tends to depend on the aquatic life for food, while a country endowed with vast fields of fertile land tends to feed its citizens through harvested crops. As one can infer, the food source of a country is in a direct relationship with its culture. This concept in turn supports the development of unique variants of food, also defined as its local or traditional food. The United States of America and Japan, in this sense, are two vastly different cultures with diverse food variants. The American continent, although of course surrounded by bodies of water, has a vast land area which it is known for. This prompted the development of the country to be generally agricultural and crop-based. Hence, corn and potatoes are considered as its staple food. Japan, on the other hand, is considerably less in terms of total land area; therefore, the development of its agriculture is quite limited and crop variants held to a minimum. The whole population instead focused its attention on the sea as a limitless source of food. Such basic differences in food also result in additional variance to the details regarding it. Suggested food intake, nutritional claims, health claims are expected to be different to a certain extent between the two. Health issues are expected to vary as well. Hence, the American food culture and the Japanese food culture are expected to be distinctly different with consideration to these aforementioned points of comparison. Methodology In order to begin the analysis of the characteristics of the food from the unfamiliar Japanese culture, a direct sampling of Japanese food is required. Hence, the first major portion of the methodology requires that a restaurant serving authentic Japanese cuisine is to be located within the locality. After choosing one, also keeping in mind that the price range is well within the reach of the researcher’s budget, a sample Japanese dish is to be ordered or bought. If possible, the method as to how the dish is prepared should be properly observed and noted. The characteristics of the dish should also be considered and inspected. Specific details in terms of taste and appearance are to be listed down. If possible, the constituents of the dish or its basic ingredients are also to be identified. After assessing such details regarding a sample dish of Japanese cuisine, a more technical and research oriented approach towards analysis is to be started. The second main segment of the methodology pertains to the technical and research oriented part of the study. Specific details regarding the whole Japanese food culture are to be determined. Further research into the Japanese food culture and its historical development is to be accomplished. Further insights regarding the differences with the American food culture and standards will be provided by searching for the occurrence of a localized food pyramid as well as rules or guidelines for food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims. Also, health concerns regarding food in the Japanese culture will also be taken into account. The common health problems, its sources and effects, will be established. Resulting data from the two main sections of the research method gathered through such methods will be properly collated and completely analyzed afterwards. Results Upon locating a restaurant that offers authentic Japanese cuisine, a choice was made to order a highly popular and common Japanese specialty, the sushi. In this case, an unlimited amount of sushi was made available, each variant served in differently colored plates riding on top of a conveyor belt like mechanism. There were so many variants of sushi, making the process of identification more troublesome. Fortunately in this case, each plate was properly labeled. The first variant of sushi sampled is called the nigiri sushi. In physical form, the nigiri sushi mainly consists of hand-shaped rice with a single kind of topping per serving. This variant is however not simply a single kind as there were notable difference in toppings between servings. There were four main types of nigiri sushi served; one type had squid as topping, the second had shrimp, the third had raw fish, and the fourth was egg. Upon immediate sampling, the shrimp, and squid were notably very lightly cooked, if cooked at all. The thin slices of fish served as toppings were obviously uncooked. Also, no additional flavor was added to enhance the flavor of these two toppings. The egg however, was noticeably scrambled and sweetened. The rice below the topping, aside from being shaped, had no detectable additional flavoring. The second variant of sushi sampled was considerably more complex in both structure and appearance. Called as the maki sushi, this variant evidently had more ingredients. There were two main types of maki sushi sampled, futo maki and hoso maki. In both, a thin dried seaweed preparation, known in Japan as the nori, covers the outer area of the flat circular shaped sushi. Another common ingredient noticed for this variant is cucumber, sliced in small portions and apparently used fresh with no additional cooking procedures. Carrots were also noted to be present in both types, having been prepared in the same manner as the cucumbers. The last notable similarity between the two is the use of caviar. The nature and source of the caviar was not determined; the only detail noted regarding it was that it was commonly used as additional toppings or dispersed within the sushi. In terms of differences, the main distinguishing factor between the futo maki and the hoso maki is the inclusion of fish. Of the two, only hoso maki had slices of fresh raw fish, known to be commonly tuna, interspersed within the roll. As an additional note, the sushi variants were dipped in a mixture of Japanese soy sauce and a spicy paste known as wasabi, with the resulting ratio dependent on one’s preferences. After discussing the structure and constituent parts of the sampled dish in detail, findings regarding the taste are placed in focus. It is noticeable that the overall taste of the sushi alone is quite simple and plain, and at the same time pleasant and cool. It draws its appeal from the combined flavor of its parts. Such taste is expected since the parts used are neither seasoned nor flavored in any matter. However, upon the addition of the wasabi and soy sauce concoction, the sushi is given a stronger flavor, mainly a combination of salty and spicy taste. Upon completion of the sampling phase of the study, research was done to determine the historical context of Japanese food. Japan is one of the several island based countries throughout the world which is mainly surrounded by the sea, and along it also contains several bodies of water; hence, even from the early points of Japanese history, food is commonly gathered from aquatic sources (Minnesota State University [MSU], n. d. ). Since fish and other aquatic creatures such as shrimp, crabs, squid, octopus, and urchins, are commonly associated with the Japanese diet, people tend to think that the Japanese consume these exclusively. This however, is not the case in reality. The Japanese also consume various land grown products including well known ones like eggplants and carrots, along with rice which is considered as their staple food (MSU, n. d. ). Another subject of research conducted in the study is concerned with something more current: government issued guidelines and policies regarding the food industry as well as the presence of a food pyramid. Specific points analyzed include food labeling, health claims, nutrient content claims, and of course, the food pyramid. Details regarding food labeling, health claims, and nutrient content claims were not very much analyzed in this case, but rather, the focus was placed upon whether such policies exist. In terms of food labeling, it has been noted that a similar system exists in Japan in comparison to other countries such as America. In fact, there has been a movement by the Japanese government to further increase the scope of the law, making it considerably more stringent in comparison to those of other countries (Gale Group Incorporated [GGI], 2008). As for laws regarding health claims, Japan has a well-defined and extensive policy system, pointing out specific categories for health and nutrient claims and requirements for the application of companies for such claims to be approved for their product (National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods [NCEFF], 2004). Japan currently has a well-adapted food pyramid. Commonly encountered food items in Japan are included as examples; some of these are rice, miso, honey, soy sauce, milk, soy milk, tofu, fish, clams, plums, and kelp (Southeastern Michigan Dietetic Association [SEMDA], 1998). The final aspect looked upon in the research was regarding the usual health problems accompanying the local cuisine. Given the fact that Japanese food preparations often utilize raw to lightly cooked seafood, parasitic organisms is a usual threat (Ransom, n. d. ). Examples of these parasitic organisms are worms which latch on to various areas of a person, usually the gastrointestinal tract, in order to provide themselves vital nutrients. Another problem arising from their preference towards seafood is the possible occurrence of heavy metals in the flesh of sea-based organisms due to global environmental problems (Ransom, n. d. ). Discussion The results point out evident differences and similarities between the American and the Japanese food cultures. First, regarding food preparation and taste, from what was observed with the sushi, Japanese food preparation is simpler in constituent and is also rather simpler in terms of preparation. The focus of the Japanese cooking is to maintain the natural form and flavor of the ingredients while blending well in combination. This is very much unlike the American way of cooking since the focus is usually to use a main ingredient and season or flavor it in a way that after being cooked for a certain amount of time, the food has acquired an enhanced taste. In relation to this, the Japanese cuisine has a preference towards the uncooked and seafood, while American cuisine focuses on cooking techniques and the use of beef, pork, and chicken. These differences mainly arise from the varied historical development of each country. In terms of the more technical side of food and its culture, specifically food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims, due to the trend of globalization, it is quite understandable that in general, both Japan and America have law pertaining to food labeling, health claims, and nutrient claims. Differences on these are mainly observed when inspecting the specifics. Aside from this, both countries have food pyramids. The difference on this point pertains to the food examples written in the pyramid; the main structure and recommendations remain the same. Lastly, health issues and risks differ for both countries to a certain degree. The Japanese mainly worry about issues regarding contaminants and parasites due to seafood consumption, while the Americans worry about problems such as heart disease and obesity due to the way food is prepared. Conclusion The historical and geographic differences of America and Japan have led to a distinct difference in terms of their local cuisine. Japan focused on seafood as one of the main food sources unlike America. The staple food is also different for both countries, being rice for Japan which is rather uncommon in the United States. Hence, in relation to this, food-related heath concerns also differ for both countries. However, far from what is expected in terms of Japan and America being completely different, current trends in relation to globalization and exports have shown that in the subject of food in general, America and Japan have several points in common. These points mentioned laws and policies pertaining to food labeling as well as health and nutritional claims. Therefore, although different at various points, Japan and America evidently has certain points of close similarities in the general subject of food contrary to what is commonly thought of.

Physics of Baseball :: physics sport sports baseball

Introduction Baseball is a fairly simple game, once you understand the simple mix of science involved in baseball. Also, there is much more to the game of baseball than simply hitting and pitching the ball. Here is a few bits of information about a baseball that is hit 400 feet. 1. For each 1000 feet of altitude you can add 7 Feet. 2. For each 10 degrees of air temp you can add 4 Feet. 3. For each 10 degrees of ball temp you can add 4 Feet. 4. For each 1 inch drop in Barometer you can add 6 Feet. 5. For each 1 mph following wind you can add 3 Feet. 6. With the Ball at 100 % Humidity you can subtract 30 Feet. 7. When the ball is Pitched, for every 5 mph you can add 3.5 Feet. 8. For a ball Hit along the foul line you can add 11 Feet. 9. When an Aluminum Bat is used you can add 30 Feet. A couple more bits of general information. 1. A curve ball that seems to break over 14 inches never actually deviates from a straight line by more than 3 inches 2. There is no such thing in baseball as a rising fastball! 3. The collision of a ball on the bat lasts only about 1/1000th of a second. 4. That a batted ball should be able to travel no farther than 545 Feet. The Path of a Baseball A baseball will always follow a parabolic motion when hit with the bat. This is mainly due to the force of gravity acting on the baseball after it is hit. A baseball like most other things follows the three laws of motion that were created by Sir Isaac Newton. The three laws of motion are: 1. Law 1. An object continues in its initial state of rest or motion with uniform velocity unless it is acted on by an unbalanced, or net external, force. 2. Law 2.

Reaction Paper: Prenatal, Infancy, Middle Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood Prenatal Development

Development is a lifelong and dynamic process that follows highly definitive processes from conception to old age. Basic themes developed in childhood are transferred or modified through the development stages unto adulthood. The prenatal development as covered by Gregoire & Jungers is extremely crucial for child development specialists or counselors.The developments that occur even before the birth of a child have profound influences on the health and well being of the individual as the process of growth and development continues. In the chapter, â€Å"Prenatal Development† the authors highlight physical, cognitive, emotional and social gains that is made.According to the authors, physical and behavioral characteristics are influenced by genetics and the environment. Prenatal development is further subdivided into three distinct categories based on the duration and the associated developments in pregnancy.For instance, between week one and week three marks ovum period, week f our to eight marks the embryo period and week eight onwards marks the fetal period(Gregoire & Jungers 115).During the ovum period, implantation of the fertilized egg occurs followed by the formation of the neural tube. Most organ systems begin forming in the embryonic period. Development of organ systems precedes both in a cephalocaudal and proximodistal direction.During this period of development, the only risks to normal development are the teratogens. The understanding of the risks to prenatal development is useful because it aids the mother in making decisions aimed at avoiding events, activities or nutrition that may negatively impact on the health and development of the fetus.Some of the teratogens as listed by the author include any substance that may cause structural damage to the unborn such as drugs, environmental pollutants, alcohol, infectious diseases, diet and other factors related to psychological health like stress and anxiety. However, there are other factors that m ay also directly affect the physical development at the prenatal phase.The prenatal phase of development is defined by some authors as the period between conception time and birth. In normal circumstances, this duration typically lasts 38 to 42 weeks. During this entire period rapid changes accompany the transformation of fertilized egg, to zygote and eventually to a baby.It is only during this phase of development that systemic growth occurs so rapidly in the absence of any form of direct external influences. Any influence to the unborn is transmitted via the mother. Due to the rapidity of growth and development coupled to the vulnerability of the unborn to deleterious external influence, the prenatal phase demands strict medical management (Curtis & Newman 58).The authors succeed in presenting a critical analysis of the prenatal stage of development; however the presentation is highly complex and extremely modeled for the sole benefit of counselors. The text may not be appropriate from child development specialists without an advanced level of professional or academic achievement.During the prenatal stage of development, all activity takes place in the uterus. The behavior of the unborn can only is described through the experiences of the mother. Mothers possess an extraordinary sensitivity to the movement of the fetus.Based on the descriptions of these movements, the behavior of babies is described as being active or passive. They are active when they are kicking or rolling while when they are quiet their behavior is described as being passive.Fetal movements are more noticeable from the sixteenth week towards the twentieth week. By the seventh month of pregnancy, eyelids open. Taste and smell also develop. Studies have also established that grasp reflex also exists in utero.InfancyAfter the birth of an infant, the development domains necessarily expand from the biological aspects to other domains that had earlier on been less important. Thus, Gregoire & Ju ngers begins the analysis of the stage of infancy by looking into the physical, cognitive as well as the socioemotional domains that categorically characterize the changes and transitions that will occur during the entire lifespan of an individual.The first noticeable changes at infancy are the reflexes fundamental for survival and adaptation to the new environment. As development progresses, other some reflexes are maintained while a select number are discarded due to their non-importance in survival and adaptation.Some of the survival reflexes that the author notes include; rooting, breathing, papillary, eye blink and sucking while the primitive reflexes may be observed as swimming, stepping, plantar, babinski, startling and palmar(p. 114).Just like in prenatal development, motor and physical development proceed via the cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns. Motor developments allow the infant to accomplish the raising of heads and chest followed by sitting, crawling, standing and eventually walking. Between eleven to fifteen months, many infants begin to walk unaided.Fine tuning of motor skills allows them to perform tasks such as uncoordinated reaching and grasping using their palms. Later on coordinated reaching and grasping is observed as the infant learns to use thumb and the forefinger.As these motor developments become more and more apparent other physical developments in seeing and hearing also becomes noticeable. It is at this time that sensitivity to sounds becomes evident. As such they can be soothed, distressed, or even alerted via the influence of varying frequency or rhythms of tones.Through auditory developments, infants learn how to discriminate between non speech sounds and speech sounds and even begin to show preference for human voices and by extension, ton specific human voices. Moreover, attachment and temperament attributes begin to not only determine their bonding with closer carers but also how they behave and respond to the enviro nment.Gregoire & Jungers, posit that during infancy emotional development is externally affected by the nature of parent's responsiveness and that over a period of time self regulation among infants is internalized. It is also during the same time that gains in self awareness are achieved.In a nutshell, infants learn of their own existence as distinct beings and as they begin to discover how to interact with their environment they realize that their actions possess predictable results. At the later stages, they gain knowledge of their own physical composites (p. 119).According to Christiansen et al, infancy extends to toddler hood and is associated with cognitive, sensory and musculoskeletal development. Social and emotional gains are also made. By early infancy, differences in temperament and personality become manifest. These character attributes are modeled by genetic and environmental factors which directly influence early social development (Christiansen et al 49).These first e ighteen months after birth characterize the beginning of communication, the acquisition of walking skills and use of hands for grasping and reaching and the child's relationship with the social environment. With rapid physical growth, motor and sensory fine tuning, the impacts of cultural, social emotional and cognitive influences become integral in development.Middle ChildhoodBy middle childhood, sense of identity as reflected through play activities, gender roles, and family relationships can be observed. Even though physical growth can easily be measured, rapid development in social skills, linguistic skills and cognitive gains are even more compelling.It is at this period that imaginary and physical play, self care activities, school and family chores and responsibilities emerge to demand the child's concentration (Christiansen et al 48). According to Gregoire & Jungers, this period ranges from six years to eleven years and is marked by great strides in cognitive development. It is also at this period that children are exposed to peer and other social sphere influences (124).Children demonstrate an extensive knowledge of language. Gains and use of vocabulary, grammar as well as pragmatic skills are astounding. After mastering good grammar correcting of grammatical mistakes, these young learners then begin to communicate with regard to context. Code switching enables them to adapt their linguistic skills to the persons they are communicating with.Gains on self concept can be observed when children start to make social comparisons and interpret their behaviors and abilities in relation to their social environment. During middle childhood children demonstrate very high esteem which later drops off to realistic levels.This leveling off of self esteem is only possible after children succeed in incorporating feedback about their competency in relation to that of other peers or other individuals in the social environment.On the emotional scale, self conscious emo tions develop as children begin understanding the concept of personal responsibility. By learning to interpret how others are feeling or thinking, they understand other people's perspectives. These developments are further buttressed by emotional self regulation which is linked to a variety of social functioning aspects.Pre-schooling and schooling increases the importance of peer associations in middle childhood. Through peers they learn socially appropriate behaviors and emotions such as empathy, sympathy and shyness.Since children only make friends with other children identical to them in terms of gender, race, age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, achievement, popularity and social behavior, peer associations became incredibly important in modeling their behavior and cognitive gains.The importance of middle childhood developments cannot be underrated as some researchers point out. Middle childhood activities can be used to predict adult work competence. Peer relations in middle c hildhood may be used to predict early adulthood involvements in romantic relationships(Huston & Ripke 25).In a nutshell, middle childhood is characteristic of a stage where individuals continually refine motor skills, focus on academic and/or school related tasks while at the same time nurture peer relationships that would become very useful not only in adolescence but also in early adulthood.AdolescenceAccording to Copher & Mortimer, adolescence marks the development period when individuals establish identities. This stage of development is often associated with significant emotional strain as individuals are forced to model themselves into who they think they are and what they hope to become as they progress to adulthood.Identities are basically grounded on relationships, roles, status and character traits. Character trails can either be classified as behavioral or psychological attributes. In the western world, adolescence as a stage is conceptualized as experimental, carefree an d playful. As these adolescents mature into adulthood, the conceptualization changes to being independent, hardworking, responsible and productive.It is important to note that the author restricts this classification to Western conceptualization since these definitions vary the world over with regard to the cultural, social and even legal context. These asynchronies attribute to identity conflicts and status inconsistencies among different social institutions(http://family.jrank.org).Typically, adolescence occurs between the ages of 12 to 19 years. The period is characteristic of hormonal changes. The pituitary gland releases growth hormones which stimulate the release of a wide variety of other homes by different glands in the body.These hormones aid in body growth and sexual maturation. Key aspects of sexual maturation include the release of androgens and estrogens which trigger sexual maturation.Physical changes in the body as manifest in the growth and maturation of reproductive organs and other secondary sexual features also signify sexual maturation and finally, spermarche in boys and menarche in girls are directly related to pubertal changes.There are other physical developments that are not associated with sexual maturation   but which can also be observed during adolescence. For instance, as opposed to childhood, a reversal of cephalocaudal growth occurs. Release of thyroxine by thyroid glands results in height and weight gains.These developments can be measurably be seen as broadening of the boy's shoulders and girls hips, increase in the growth of legs, feet and hands. Boys increase muscles while girls accumulate more fat. Gins also occur with respect to the improvement in motor skills which vary between the sexes.On the cognitive development front, adolescents develop the capacity to engage in abstract scientific thinking but this does not necessarily imply that such individuals find it much easier to plan and make everyday decisions. Peer associ ations lead to the formation of cliques. Peer affiliation, conformity and peer pressure also increases during this development phase(Gregoire & Jungers 130).Adolescents are always in search of autonomy and their emotional development is characterized by the same. While early childhood is almost supremely influenced by the family, peer influences rival family influences in adolescence. Thus, even though parent-child relationships remain crucial, conflicts between adolescents are their parents are not unusual occurrences.Huge gains in cognitive development imply that many adolescents can engage in operational thought hence they may often recognize multiple choices that are available to them. Some choices may not be optimal. Problems in decision making are attributable to this multiplicity of choices.Since adolescents have to make decisions in a dynamic sociopolitical world with varying traditional expectations, economic upheavals and contemporary conditions, there are times when the d ecisions made may be grossly inappropriate. In fact, a majority of the changes related to sexual maturation and hormonal changes also reflect on physical and motional status of the adolescents.In preparation for adulthood, adolescence marks the period of educational attainment while at the same time working to attain considerable financial health. However, for a majority of youth, adolescence which comes with increased risk taking creates several youth problem behaviors like substance abuse and delinquency.Problems with the law may also arise due to engaging in legally prohibited activities like smoking and drinking. Play in adolescence assumes a structured and formalized nature hence music, competitive sports, dances and a host of other group experiences. Social relationships are nurtured because of their importance. Productive pursuits like volunteer activities and work are taken up by some individuals and such pursuits may last a lifetime.

Early Childhood Educational Philosophy

â€Å"It must be remembered that the purpose of education is not to fill the minds of students with facts †¦ it is to teach them to think, if that is possible, and always to think for themselves. † Robert Hutchins. It is very clear to me that a successful early childhood program must provide a safe and nurturing environment that promotes social, emotional, physical and cognitive development. Young children need a warm and inviting atmosphere to learn. Children must have their basic needs met before any learning can take place. Safety, nutrition, and shelter are a few needs which must be provided. Although early childhood centers may not directly provide these services outside the regular school day, administrators must connect with outside agencies in order to recommend and provide families with necessary services. Children need to be encouraged to express themselves though verbal communication, text/pictures, play, and through art. Children learn through manipulation of objects in their environment, creative play, and discovery of the world around them. It is through group play, role modeling, and through supportive teaching that children grow socially and emotionally. These group activities teach young children how to live, work and play together. Independent and guided problem solving and independent exploration help children gain greater independence. Children need both independent and teamwork skills to become a well rounded person Early childhood teachers need to understand that often they are the one person spending the majority of the time with the children they are teaching. Parents today are busy with work and trying to keep the household together. Released by the U. S. Census Bureau in November, 2009 there are approximately 13. 7 million single parent s in the United States today. These single parents are responsible for raising 21. 8 million children which is roughly 26% of children under 21 in the U. S. today. I strongly believe that early childhood teachers are responsible for forming a superior bond with each parent so they can work together to help each child grow as an individual, based on the child’s needs. A classroom is places where differences should be valued and children and their families are appreciated and respected. Each Classroom is diverse in many ways, including economically, and culturally. I believe each teacher, parent and administrator should be committed to promoting diversity in all its forms, including those related to racial and ethnic identity, gender, socioeconomic status, sexuality, age, family structure, religion, national origin and ability. I believe as educators we should actively seek to teach children tolerance of all forms of difference, and just as actively seek to dissuade children from bias about norms and stereotypes. Throughout the classroom as well as the center there should be displays that show diversity as a celebration of people, of differences and of ways of living. I believe in early childhood education the best form of assessment is performance records. Performance records are any documentation regarding the child’s development and learning. These records help the child care provider to notice patterns in a child’s behavior as well as learning patterns. It is important to document at various times of the day as well as with a variety of teacher directed and child directed activities. I feel in early childhood children develop at differently, some children develop faster than others and therefore standardize testing is not an accurate account of the children’s abilities. At this age in a child’s life children should not be measured against their peers. I believe that each child should be measured on an individual basis. I feel that the best approach to curriculum is the integrated curriculum approach which involves picking one topic that can be explored across more than one academic discipline. I do feel that children are going to be more interested if they have some choice in the topics. With preschool children they are at an age where they can express what they want. I feel that a teacher should include them in some of the topics they explore. Children should participate independently, with the entire group and cooperatively in small groups. Each day should be a balance of free-choice time and planned structured activities in specific time blocks. Activities throughout the day are either child-initiated or teacher-directed. This variety promotes independence, provides opportunities for children to practice and acquire social skills and fosters the development of a positive self-image. It is important for every teacher and administrator to remember that â€Å"In early childhood you may lay the foundation of poverty or riches, industry of idleness, good or evil, by the habits to which you train your children. Teach them right habits then and their future life is safe. † Lydia Sigourney. I truly believe that each child that walks into our lives is there for us to nurture and help grow and we may be the only one that is laying the foundations. We have a chance to change the life of every child that walks in our center.

Free sample - A sound mind in a sound body. translation missing

A sound mind in a sound body. A sound mind in a sound bodyHuman Resource Management. A contemporary world arena of business making continuously watches an incessant competition race among contestants. They pursue the goals of getting profits and taking a prevailing position in a particular business field. No doubt, each company focuses on reaching success which is hard to imagine without leadership. It is true to assume that the dominance in the world market place requires huge resources involvement. Thus, the shareholders having invested in the company’s prosperity expect the ‘harvest’ to be visible and tangible. So, in this connection we speak about the feedback that the investing participants are eager to see. Here it is relevant to consider the paramount importance of the company’s human resource management (HRM), since it is the human resources (HR) that bring along the company’s exuberance. The personnel being the integral parts of the whole profit making machine comprise the ‘motive force’ that can’t be neg lected. In addition, the workforce is commonly quite varied, thus the HRM is supposed to apply a smart diverse managing program referring to and taking into account the employee-concerned factors. Such factors include race, gender, age issues. With the hindsight we may assert that the above mentioned aspects used to and still to some extent continue to be a sticking point on the way to individual recognition at workplace and field of activity. Hence the company’s management policy resorts to certain regulations in leveling inequalities when evaluating the personnel potential and proficiency. So, in 1960’ emerges the notion of ‘affirmative action’ aimed at minimizing and eventually eliminating the prejudiced attitude to the employees for the recruitment process to be regardless of race, religion, origin, gender etc. Thereby, on the grounds of this idea special affirmative action programs (AAP) became to be developed to provide equal   opportunities for such groups as minorities, women, disabled people, veterans (Berkley Lab, 2010, Oct 26). However, why was such practice in human resource management perceived in different ways? Perhaps we should mind that each notion, idea, process in our world faces diverse opinions and there can be arguments both ‘for’ and ‘against’. The AAP enclosed into the managerial policy evoked a dual response as well. One of the points to say ‘NO’ is a financial side of the matter, since the program presupposes expenses. Not the least of the aspects appears to be a complicated and long-term cultivation of the non-discrimination-prone standpoint and attitude. Still let’s analyze whether the game is worth the candle. Should the companies be obsessed only with revenues and ignore the role of the individuals and their direct impact on the business development? It’s a pure delusion to exploit human resources as soul-absent money-making mechanisms. As a matter of fact, the sound environment and fair non-biased approach to people is a substantially essential aspect of the company’s well-being, since the staff in such conditions w ill demonstrate loyalty and effective productivity. Moreover, even today and in the future perspective the company is likely to gain respect and acknowledgement for the efforts to adhere and spread the idea of equality. Thus, the company’s sound system – ‘body’ is sure to have a sound ‘mind’ – company’s human resources. So, maybe that is the key to success. References Aclu position paper. Affirmative Action (2000) European Academy of Legal Theory. Brussels. Affirmative Action Program (2002-2003) Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. Affirmative Action Program (2010, October 26)

The Curious Case of Whet

The Curious Case of Whet The Curious Case of â€Å"Whet† The Curious Case of â€Å"Whet† By Maeve Maddox Here’s a question from Caro that cites a usage for whet that I’ve never heard: I have recently seen several people using the word â€Å"whet† in place of the word â€Å"wet†.   (In one case, I asked a friend if shed meant to say â€Å"wet† but she said it can also be used as a dirtier form for â€Å"wanton† I can only wonder what the friend understands by wanton. Both whet and wet have been in the language since Ango-Saxon times. whet: OE hwettan to sharpen† Even back then the word could have the figurative sense of â€Å"to encourage.† wet: OE wà ¦t moist, liquid, OE wà ¦tan to be wet. OE wà ¦ter, â€Å"water.† When I taught young girls in England, I often heard one of them say that So-and-So was â€Å"wet.† It meant that the unfortunate girl under discussion was â€Å"socially ineffectual† or, as they may be saying now, â€Å"wimpy.† I don’t often hear the word wanton in ordinary conversation. It can mean â€Å"lascivious† as in â€Å"that wanton hussy.† Youre more likely to hear someone refer to â€Å"wanton cruelty.† In the latter example the meaning is â€Å"merciless, unfeeling, inhuman†: Leaving those dogs tied up in the backyard when they moved was wanton cruelty. The earliest meaning of wanton was similar to the French expression mal à ©levà ©, â€Å"badly brought up.† Wanton was a word to use when referring to unruly or unsocialized children as Shakespeare does in Lear: As flies to wanton boys are we to the Gods. They kill us for their sport. Wanton was originally a two-part word: wan-towen. OE wan meant â€Å"wanting or lacking.† OE togen was the past participle of teon, â€Å"to train, to discipline.† The wanton child was lacking in discipline. Expressions with â€Å"whet† in the sense of â€Å"encourage† or â€Å"stimulate† whet one’s appetite: stimulate one’s desire to eat whet one’s whistle: clear one’s throat by taking a drink whet one’s anger: increase feelings of anger Expressions with â€Å"wet† wet one’s whistle: take a drink wet-nurse (1620): a woman hired to nurse another’s infant wet dream (1851): nocturnal emission wet blanket (1879): a person who brings down the spirits of others, (the way a wet blanket may be used to smother a fire). to be all wet (1923): to be in the wrong wetback (1924): illegal Mexican immigrant (wet because of wading the Rio Grande). Bottomline: Using whet as a â€Å"dirtier form of wanton† is totally bizarre. (But then, not being au courant with the latest slang, I may be all wet.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Oppose and Opposed To

Development, Frameworks and Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Development, Frameworks and Methods - Essay Example Since 1983, cellular phones have evolved from what was Motorola DynaTAC 8000X to the current iPhone 5 (Burgess, & Burgess, 2012). Besides the initial models lacking the many incorporated features, they were also bigger in size with protruding antennae compared to the current models. The phones also weighed much compared to the current ones. From basic conversation gadgets, cellular phones were later designed to take up more tasks including multimedia functions. This was a milestone achievement in the history of phones and no one could envisage any other advancement. In that era, phones were used to take personal images and record fascinating event in occasions like wedding and parties (Burgess, & Burgess, 2012). It is true that technology never stops to evolve. After the amazing feature in the history of the phone, another functionality was invented. The phone could now be used to access internet by either mobile broadband or Wi-Fi. Again, it was astonishing that computer based services could now be accessed using cell phones. This technology made it possible for the phone users to keep track of the word breaking news and to explore the various internet social sites like Facebook and twitter (Kling, 2010). Access to information was widened and just by having a phone, one could get direct access to all the information they needed. This technology made it possible to believe that cell phones could be made to suit any human need. Currently, cell phones can be used as Global Positioning Devices (GPS) that are able to receive satellite signals. In this regard, current position and location of the phones can be determined. This technology has been used to trace stolen or missing phones (Kling, 2010). It has been used to track criminals for apprehension by providing the exact longitude and latitude where the device is on the earth surface. GPS

A significant patient care event within a multidisciplinary care Essay

A significant patient care event within a multidisciplinary care setting - Essay Example The paper will focus on the events that led to her injury and the steps taken by the emergency department staff to stabilize her. After stabilization, the steps taken to manage the patient are discussed. I was on duty when Elizabeth reported to the emergency. She had an attendant, James, with her. Elizabeth was conscious but she had sustained severe injury and so was not in a condition to tell the details of what had happened to her. James was bruised but and had a bleeding tooth but had not sustained any serious injury as Elizabeth. James gave the history. He said that Elizabeth was driving while he was in the back seat when a deer came on the road. They were on a relatively silent country road on their way to the city. On seeing the deer, only a few meters from them, Elizabeth immediately reacted by steering the car towards the side of the road. In doing so, the car hit the side pavement. Since the car was being driven at 80km/h, the collision threw them forward in their seats. Jam es was not badly hurt but Elizabeth sustained serious head injuries. James said that Elizabeth had seizures before she lost consciousness. Panicking, he called for help. When the paramedics arrived, they immediately lay her on a stretcher, and transported Elizabeth and James both to the hospital. They gave James some shot that lessened the pain that he was experiencing. On reaching the hospital, John was examined and found not to have any serious injury. His bruises and bleeding from the teeth were addressed and managed. I was assigned as the critical care nurse for Elizabeth. The paramedics mentioned that Elizabeth had gained consciousness while on the way back; however she was not oriented in time and space. She had mobility of all her limbs but her speech was not clear and coherent. She was speaking broken words that made no sense. On measurement of her pupils, they were of 3mm in size, with intact papillary reflexes. On assessing her consciousness level, she was rated as 9 on th e Glasgow Coma Scale. According to Brooker and Nicol (2003), measurement of the GCS is the one of the most significant procedure the nurse carries out when a patient who is not well oriented in time and space comes. It is also the duty of the nurse to properly and accurately write down the results. Moreover, the nurse must be alert and continually observe the neurological condition of the patient. If there is any change, the nurse must report them immediately since quick interventions are required. Clinical decisions are dependent on the credibility and strength of these nursing interventions (Brooker & Nicol 2003). When assessing the consciousness, if the patient has a GCS rating of less than 7, the patient is said to be in a comatose state. Elizabeth, with a GCS rating of 9, was not labeled comatose. On carrying out the assessment and the standard protocol of ABC and stabilization of her vitals, it was seen that she was experiencing a quick decline of her neurological functioning. It is necessary to keep a track on the neurological condition of the patient. As mentioned above, such deterioration in the patient’s neurology is a matter of concern and should be duly addressed. Within a matter of a few seconds, Elizabeth’s speech started to deteriorate and she only made incomprehensible sounds now. Her eye

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research report - Essay Example The study also found that majority of customers prefer to receive information about the new supplier via post and then by salesperson visit. Presence on the web have has also been selected. It is recommended that information be sent via post and published via web. These customers can then be followed up by salespersons for generating business. We found that 74% of customer have been approached by 0-2 suppliers for their business and 42% of customers have never switch suppliers in the last five years. This means that if the new supplier is able to market the service in accordance to the top 3 desired and top 3 existing attributes, these customer can move over to the new suppliers. 64% of the customer who have switched suppliers over the last five years indicated that they have been approached by a supplier for their business. This indicates that the general trend of the market is to be approached by the new suppliers rather than approaching the supplier with their business. For the analysis, the age of the sample has been broken down into three groups – below 30, 30 to 60 and over 60 years of age. In this sample, we found the majority of respondents between the age of 30 and 60 ( at 42%), closely followed by respondents below the age of 30 ( at 30%) and then respondents over the age of 60 (at 28%). Major of the respondents fall within the income bracket of $50,000 and above (at 64%) compared to respondents with income below $50,000 (at 36%). Considering the income bracket, the sample is unevenly distributed across various respondent profiles. During this analysis, the masses with income lesser than $50,000 are under-represented, so are females. In terms of age, the 30 to 60 age group is dominant, however this is required since this is the age group which would normally be found as a familys decision maker age group. The positive implication of these limitations is that the actual decision making age group is largely represented but the

Repeat Image Evaluation Paper

Repeat Image Evaluation Paper Daniele Balsamo The image repeat is a lateral lumbar spine. The lumbar spine protocol is usually part of a three view, anterior posterior (AP) a lateral and a C5 S1 spot image. For trauma, often is requested one lateral to assure that there is no risk to move the head of the patient. A complete sequence includes also to two obliques (LAO and RAO) to visualize the zygapophyseal joint space. . For a proper lateral spine positioning, the radiographer places the patient either standing or recumbent left lateral. Shoulder and ASIS should be aligned vertically through the midcoronal plane, to assure there is no tilt or rotation, the thoracic and lumbar spine should be aligned parallel to the table, to assure no rotation. A contact shield should be placed on the table lateral to the spine to reduce back scattering. A contact shield should be placed on the gonad area if does not interfere with area of interest. The spine should be aligned parallel to the longitudinal line of the collimation light. Ask the patient to suspend their breathing on expiration. The essential anatomy is, longitudinally T-12 to sacrum, laterally including the soft tissue posteriorly to the spine and all the body of the vertebrae anteriorly. Anatomy best demonstrated is the spinous process, the intervertebral disk space and the vertebral body (McQuillen Martensen, 2015, p. 431). Because different body habitus can affect the position of the lumbar spine, depending of the body fat or muscle in the hip area, a special attention is required in positioning the spine laterally. The leg had to be flexed to reduce the natural curvature of the hip, a sponge or a towel is placed superiorly to the iliac crest to the sagging of the spine due the position on a flat table. The sponge allows to keep the natural curvature and the spine parallel to the image receptor (IR.) Different pathology can affect the lumbar spine imaging. Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine to the left or the right side. Lordosis is an accentuated curvature of the spine toward the anterior aspect. Can be reduced flexing the knee and bringing L5 and sacrum more parallel. Will be visualized in AP projection with the intervertebral disc space look closed. If the patient has a lateral curvature (scoliosis) of the spine, should be placed in a lateral position with the curvature toward the IR to keep the intervertebral disk space as open as possible, the center ray should be going through in the maximum curvature point referencing the AP projection. Spondylolysis is a fracture of the pars interarticularis in the vertebral arch, visualized in the oblique projection and appear as a Scotty dog collar. Spondylolisthesis is the slide forward and down of one vertebral body to another inferiorly. These pathologies could limit the motion range of the patient, but they dont affect the positioning technique. Central ray should be on L3, positioning one inch a half superior to the iliac crest. The area of interest is from the first lumbar spine to the intravertebral space between the fifth lumbar spine and the sacrum. The beam is perpendicular to the IR and the distance from the tube is 43 inch. The system is a DR Siemens system, with a fluoroscopy table, and a wall bucket that uses a rail moved x- ray tube. The exposure indicator is express in EXI, the range is 150 under exposed, 250 optimal exposure, 500 overexposed. The system use two method to evaluate the exposure, the first is the setting of the proper anatomic part and body habitus of the patient. The radiographer sets the anatomic part and the body habitus on the display, the machine uses an automatic programmed technique (APT), that follows predefined anatomic chart sets by the manufacturer. Next the machine then uses the automatic exposure control(AEC) to determine the proper exposure. When a certain amount of remnant x-rays are hitting the ionic chamber in the IR, the exposure is terminated. The AEC gives consistency between exposures if the positioning of the anatomy on the right photo cell is correct. For the AP projection of lumbar spine, the EI is 367, the exposure factors are 75 KVp, 189 mAs, For the left anterior oblique is Exposure Index (EXI) is 290, 77Kvp and 200 mAs. The EXI for the right anterior oblique is 205, with 65 Kvp 98 mAs. The left lateral EXI is 258,near to the optimal 250, the 90Kvp and 75 mAs . The left lateral repeat has an EXI of 260 with a 90 Kvp and 83 mAs . The radiographer can evaluate the image visually using the magnify lens in the image Pac viewer. When the quantum noise, is visible in the image and the anatomic edge are blurry this indicates an underexpose image. For an overexpose image the contrast is high and the image has very minimal shades of gray In the DR Siemens system used for this procedure the image receptor size is a 17 by 17. The collimation is done by using the beam limitation device in the machine. The aperture diaphragm in the tube housing can be manipulated by the radiographer with two controls and the light will resize proportionally to the exposure field. In a standard lateral spine, the collimation should be height wise 17 and lengthwise 8. Appropriate shielding in lateral spine should be considered when is possible use a contact shield over the gonads, without superimposing essential anatomy. There is no requirement of patient preparation for the L-spine x-ray, except for the appropriate clothes, or hospital gown to avoid artifacts. Other patient artifact could be jewelry, belly piercing, or underwear with sparkle or other metallic materials. Other artifact can be generated by patient movement. System artifact can be grid related and software related. Grid related are: grid cut off, when the center ray is not centered on the image receptor and not parallel to the grid, the result is line artifact visualized through all the image. Software related are the use of wrong algorithm and wrong anatomic chart, this create a wrong image compensation and can enhance details in the wrong anatomic part (tissue instead of bones). Sometimes is use intentionally reapply the algorithm on a chest x-ray to better visualize the pic line. Factors that defines the quality of the image are: brightness, contrast, spatial resolution and distortion. Image brightness, in digital radiography (DR), is the amount of exposure of the image receptor that affect the value of light or dark value of the image. This value can be adjusted in digital radiography with window level in the image viewer. Although is limited to the latitude of the image, in DR can be adjusted 50% up for underexposed image and 200% down for overexposed. The display brightness is a hardware quality factor and need to be calibrated to give a consistent image quality output. Contrast in an image is defined by the visual recognition of a change of density in adjacent part in a tissue, defines the edges of the anatomy improving details visibility. Subject contrast is generated by the differential absorption in the body. Is determined by the patient physical properties, such as weight, muscle mass and body habitus. As the contrast goes up the latitudes and the shades of gray are getting lesser. Two adjacent tissue with same density will have poor if none contrast. In the PACS image viewer the contrast is controlled by window width. Spatial resolution (306-309) is a quality of the image receptor and display, is determined by the matrix of pixels, bigger is the matrix better is the resolution. Does affect the image quality because define how small of an anatomic detail can be visualized. Can be affected by motion, patient(voluntary) and organs(involuntary) such as heart beat or peristalsis of GI tract. Focal spot blur is an effect of the shape of the focal spot on the anode. As the OID of the object increase so will the focal spot blur on the cathode side. Distortion shape size, spatial Is affected by OID and SID and positioning of body part, image receptor and tube angle. When the tube, the anatomy and the IR are not aligned properly elongation and distortion can occur. If the anatomic part is not enough near to the IR magnification will occur. There are two main errors that lead to a repeat of the image all related to positioning. First, the center ray should be centered in L3 instead is centered on L2 -L1 , and consequently the inferior side of the sacrum is cut off the field of view. Second, the lumbar spine between L4 and L1 is not parallel to the image receptor and shows the inferior base of the vertebral body, in this case the leg were not flexed enough. Collimation should be more tight 8 longitudinal. That will also decrease backscattering and will give more contrast to the image. Another visible error is the rotation of the spine References Bontrager, K. L., Lampignano, J. P. (2014). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. (8th ed.) St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby. McQuillen Martensen. (2015). Radiographic Image Analysis. (4th ed.) St. Louis, MO.: Elsevier. [DB1] [DB2]

Freedom of Choice in A Clockwork Orange Essays -- essays research pape

Freedom of Choice In the novel A Clockwork Orange, the author Anthony Burgess tells a story about a young man name Alex and his friends, every night they go around and start committing violent acts. In the novel Alex expresses his freedom of choice between good and evil. The freedom of choice is a decision that every person must make throughout his life in order to guide his actions and to take control of his own future. This Freedom of Choice, no matter what the outcome is, displays person power as an individual, and any efforts to control or influence this choice between good and evil will take way the person free will and enslave him. In this novel the author uses this symbolism through imagery. He shows that through the character of Alex, and the first person narrative point of view to prove that without the ability to choose between good and evil person becomes a slave. In this novel Alex shows his freedom of choice between good and evil, which is that, his superiority over the innocent and the weak. In the beginning of the novel he chooses to be evil, he shows us that by committing violence act like stealing, raping, and also murdering an innocent person which he got arrested for and put into prison for about 12 years. The amount violence he commits shows his abuse of power and his decisions toward evil. The violent acts that are described in this novel are very graphical and are intended to shock the reader but they also show that the suppression of others is wrong, because it is destructive to the natural rights of humans. Alex consistently chooses evil and violence to show his freedom of choice, ?Now I was ready for a bit of twenty-to-one . . . then I cracked this veck" pg 7. Alex beats, rapes, and robs the weak and ... ...lence. This thought is crucial to the reader's understanding of how close the freedom of choice is related to individual power. The demonstration of his free will and his loss of power through the absence of choice is effectively accomplished through the use of first person narration. Throughout this novel, author Anthony Burgess has shown us many aspects of freedom of choice and its abuse. Through strong symbols in imagery, Alex's characterization, and his point of view, the absence of choice is proven as the most overlooked depravation of person individual freedom. In everyone's life, the struggle for power exists in all situations. The decision between good and evil is the freedom that everyone must have as an individual. The choice of which path to take is dependant on the person and the situation, but the realization that both exist is a power unto itself. Freedom of Choice in A Clockwork Orange Essays -- essays research pape Freedom of Choice In the novel A Clockwork Orange, the author Anthony Burgess tells a story about a young man name Alex and his friends, every night they go around and start committing violent acts. In the novel Alex expresses his freedom of choice between good and evil. The freedom of choice is a decision that every person must make throughout his life in order to guide his actions and to take control of his own future. This Freedom of Choice, no matter what the outcome is, displays person power as an individual, and any efforts to control or influence this choice between good and evil will take way the person free will and enslave him. In this novel the author uses this symbolism through imagery. He shows that through the character of Alex, and the first person narrative point of view to prove that without the ability to choose between good and evil person becomes a slave. In this novel Alex shows his freedom of choice between good and evil, which is that, his superiority over the innocent and the weak. In the beginning of the novel he chooses to be evil, he shows us that by committing violence act like stealing, raping, and also murdering an innocent person which he got arrested for and put into prison for about 12 years. The amount violence he commits shows his abuse of power and his decisions toward evil. The violent acts that are described in this novel are very graphical and are intended to shock the reader but they also show that the suppression of others is wrong, because it is destructive to the natural rights of humans. Alex consistently chooses evil and violence to show his freedom of choice, ?Now I was ready for a bit of twenty-to-one . . . then I cracked this veck" pg 7. Alex beats, rapes, and robs the weak and ... ...lence. This thought is crucial to the reader's understanding of how close the freedom of choice is related to individual power. The demonstration of his free will and his loss of power through the absence of choice is effectively accomplished through the use of first person narration. Throughout this novel, author Anthony Burgess has shown us many aspects of freedom of choice and its abuse. Through strong symbols in imagery, Alex's characterization, and his point of view, the absence of choice is proven as the most overlooked depravation of person individual freedom. In everyone's life, the struggle for power exists in all situations. The decision between good and evil is the freedom that everyone must have as an individual. The choice of which path to take is dependant on the person and the situation, but the realization that both exist is a power unto itself.