Criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Criminal justice - Essay Example It has often been confused that correctional facilities are intended to punish perpetrators of law. That said, the prison system plays a major role in removing criminals from the street thereby creating a safer haven for its citizens while providing opportunities for criminals to understand their offenses and change for the better. The rate of imprisonment in the United States has been on the increase in recent times and this has raised concern among public administrators and citizens in general. The prison administrators primarily are alarmed that in the near future the prisons may be insufficient to hold inmates convicted of felonies. Claims that the correctional facilities are not given enough attention as they ought to given their importance in ensuring security of its citizenry has lead to the recent debate on whether or not correctional facilities should be privatized or remain in the hands of federal and state government. Of course, each opposing side has reasons why they think things should be as they propose. Therefore, what are the pros and cons of privatization of correctional facilities specifically jails in the United States. The jail system is best left in the hands of the public because there are many aspects that would be negatively imparted if jails were privatized, for example employment. This is because underlying privatization of any state owned corporation is the issue of cost reduction. Therefore, in the arms of private companies, profit margins take precedence, meaning that most prison guards and staff would be laid off and the few left to work twice as hard in order that expenses are reduced. Moreover, the urge to cut corners in vital activities like recruiting staff, training and compensation among prison workers among others is high probability. The outcome increased rate of unemployment and by extension higher crime rate. In addition, privatized companies are notorious for bending standards of requirement. Employing of under

Biotic Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biotic Components - Essay Example The beginner of the pond ecosystem is sun. Producers use sunlight and convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds and oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. Other most important nutrition for plants is nitrogen and phosphorus. Wandering plants or the phytoplankton (Volvox, Oscillatoria, Diatoms, Spirogyra, Zygnema, Hydrodictyon, Desmids, etc) go through the process of photosynthesis and release oxygen in the water which can be used by bacteria and animals in the pond. Likewise, the Periphytic algae (attached to the rocks and other substances) carry out photosynthesis and provide oxygen in the bottom of the pond so the decomposers can use it. The submerged plants and the Floating plants (Nelumbium, Nymphea, Blixa, Eicchornia, Pistia etc) provide oxygen to the pond and the emergent plants, to the environment outside the pond. This is the first level. Herbivores and carnivorous belong to the second level and are called consumers. Herbivores feed on plants and get en ergy whereas the carnivores feed on herbivorous and get energy. But whenever an animal or a plant is not consumed by any other animal, that matter is decomposed by decomposers, which are on the 3rd level. The tissues are broken down into much simpler compounds which are again used by the plants for nutrients. As energy is converter, some of it is released in the form of heat in the water to maintain the inner functions of the cells in every organism. Nutrient cycle Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are really important for a cell. The process through which these substances pass from on organism to another or from on cell to the other is called nutrient cycle. Change over time The health of an ecosystem can be endangered by several changes over time. If specie is killed in the pond, it can be highly dangerous for other living in the pond as many animals might feed on that specie for nutrients and the whole system might crash. Due to the climate change, excessive heat in the environment, d rought can appear killing all the species living there. The growth of thick trees around the pond can block the passage of sunlight to the pond, resulting in death of plants and thus the animals. Besides this, natural succession can occur which can totally change the biotic community. It actually occurs due to the changes in the plants, animals or other a-biotic factors, and so a new eco cycle can begin How humans may have affected biogeochemical cycles in that ecosystem. There are many ways a human might affect the pond ecosystem. Nitrogen cycle affected: During transportation, ammonia is released in the atmosphere, which is absorbed in the pond. Fertilizers are highly harmful for the fishes as it contains nitrites and nitrates and thus can affect the nitrogen cycle. Ammonia is extremely toxic to fish and should be removed or converted into harmless matter. If the level of ammonia increases in the pond, fishes can die. New agricultural practices have highly disturbed the nitrogen c ycle of the pond. In order to fulfill the agricultural demands for food, there is an extensive usage of nitrogen gas in the green house which enters the pond through different means. Carbon cycle affected: Accumulation of Carbon dioxide in the pond is highly dangerous for the fish species living in it. If the carbon dioxide amount is high in the pond, it would be difficult for the fishes to remove their internal carbon dioxide in the water, resulting in accumulation in fish blood. This inhibits and endangers the ability of hemoglobin in the fish blood, and thus causes suffocation for fishes.